Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXIV. the White Stone Canoe, sentence 27
At last the trail he was following was lost.
Who acts: snow · What happens: follow, lose · To what, where: last trail
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXIV. the White Stone Canoe. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (snow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 4 trail | case |
| 2 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 trail | amod |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 trail | det |
| 4 | trail | trail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 lost | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 following | nsubj |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 following | aux |
| 7 | following | follow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 trail | acl |
| 8 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 lost | aux:pass |
| 9 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 lost | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | past · progressive | snow | the last trail not said here | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trail=Theme | ||||
| 2 | lose | past · passive | the last trail | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/49/27/