Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXIV. the White Stone Canoe, sentence 28
He saw ahead of him a new path covered with flowers; this showed that he was near the end of his journey.
Who acts: snow, this · What happens: see, cover, show, be, journey · To what, where: new path, end · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXIV. the White Stone Canoe. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (snow, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 saw | nsubj |
| 2 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | ahead | ahead | ADV | _ | 2 saw | advmod |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 him | case |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 saw | obl |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 path | det |
| 7 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 path | amod |
| 8 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 saw | obj |
| 9 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 path | acl |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 flowers | case |
| 11 | flowers | flower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 covered | obl |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 showed | punct |
| 13 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 14 showed | nsubj |
| 14 | showed | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 saw | conj |
| 15 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 20 end | mark |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 end | nsubj |
| 17 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 end | cop |
| 18 | near | near | ADP | _ | 20 end | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 end | det |
| 20 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 showed | ccomp |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 journey | case |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 journey | nmod:poss |
| 23 | journey | journey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 end | nmod |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | snow | a new path | of trail; ahead property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer path=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | cover | participle | a new path not said here | with flowers | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with flower=Theme | ||||
| 3 | show | past | this | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is | past | snow | near the end | of snow's journey | tree rules | |||
| 5 | journey | snow | nom journey «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/49/28/