Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXIV. the White Stone Canoe, sentence 29
The path led him through a grove, then up a long hilly ridge, at the top of which he came to a wigwam or lodge.
Who acts: path, snow · What happens: lead, come · To what, where: snow, grove, wigwam
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXIV. the White Stone Canoe. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (path, snow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 path | det |
| 2 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 led | nsubj |
| 3 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 led | obj |
| 5 | through | through | ADP | _ | 7 grove | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 grove | det |
| 7 | grove | grove | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 led | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 ridge | punct |
| 9 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 14 ridge | advmod |
| 10 | up | up | ADP | _ | 14 ridge | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 ridge | det |
| 12 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 ridge | amod |
| 13 | hilly | hilly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 ridge | amod |
| 14 | ridge | ridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 led | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 top | punct |
| 16 | at | at | ADP | _ | 18 top | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 top | det |
| 18 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 led | obl:unmarked |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 which | case |
| 20 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 came | obl |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 came | nsubj |
| 22 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 top | acl:relcl |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 wigwam | case |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 wigwam | det |
| 25 | wigwam | wigwam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 came | obl |
| 26 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 27 lodge | cc |
| 27 | lodge | lodge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 wigwam | conj |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 led | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lead | past | the path | snow | a grove | up a long hilly ridge; at the top | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme through grove=Destination | ||
| 2 | come | past | snow | a wigwam or lodge | of the top | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme of which=Initial_Location to wigwam=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/49/29/