Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Books in the Indian Language, sentence 18
The white missionaries adopted his letters and made a Bible which was read by all these Indian students.
Who acts: white missionaries, Indian students, man · What happens: adopt, make, read, letter · To what, where: letters, Bible
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Books in the Indian Language. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (white missionaries, Indian students, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 missionaries | det |
| 2 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 missionaries | amod |
| 3 | missionaries | missionary | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 adopted | nsubj |
| 4 | adopted | adopt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 letters | nmod:poss |
| 6 | letters | letter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 adopted | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 made | cc |
| 8 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 adopted | conj |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 Bible | det |
| 10 | Bible | Bible | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 read | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 read | nsubj:pass |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 read | aux:pass |
| 13 | read | read | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 made | parataxis |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 18 students | case |
| 15 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 18 students | det:predet |
| 16 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 18 students | det |
| 17 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 students | amod |
| 18 | students | student | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 read | obl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 adopted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | adopt | past | the white missionaries | man's letters | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme | ||||
| 2 | make | past | the white missionaries not said here | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | |||||
| 3 | read | past · passive | all Indian students | a Bible | which nsubj:pass | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic | |||
| 4 | letter | man | nom letter «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/5/18/