Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXV. the Great Bear in the Sky, sentence 7
The three hunters with the bear were lifted up into the sky by the spirits of the four winds.
Who acts: spirits · What happens: lift up · To what, where: three hunters, sky
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXV. the Great Bear in the Sky. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spirits), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 hunters | det |
| 2 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 hunters | nummod |
| 3 | hunters | hunter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 lifted | nsubj |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 6 bear | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 bear | det |
| 6 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 hunters | nmod |
| 7 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 lifted | aux:pass |
| 8 | lifted | lift | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | up | up | ADP | _ | 8 lifted | compound:prt |
| 10 | into | into | ADP | _ | 12 sky | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 sky | det |
| 12 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 lifted | obl |
| 13 | by | by | ADP | _ | 15 spirits | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 spirits | det |
| 15 | spirits | spirit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 lifted | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 winds | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 winds | det |
| 18 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 19 winds | nummod |
| 19 | winds | wind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 spirits | nmod |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 lifted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lift up | past · passive | the spirits of the four winds | the three hunters with the bear | the sky | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme into sky=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/50/7/