Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXVII. the Star That Never Moves, sentence 16
“She walked the Pathway of the Spirits alone one moon before Keneu came,” said her father; and the mother wailed a mourning cry from the place where she sat.
Who acts: Memainggwah, Keneu, father, mother · What happens: walk, come, say, wail · To what, where: Pathway, mourning cry, place · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXVII. the Star That Never Moves. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Memainggwah, Keneu, father, mother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 walked | punct |
| 2 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 walked | nsubj |
| 3 | walked | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 Pathway | det |
| 5 | Pathway | Pathway | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 walked | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 Spirits | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Spirits | det |
| 8 | Spirits | spirit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 Pathway | nmod |
| 9 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 3 walked | advmod |
| 10 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 moon | nummod |
| 11 | moon | moon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 walked | obl |
| 12 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 14 came | mark |
| 13 | Keneu | Keneu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 came | nsubj |
| 14 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 said | advcl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 came | punct |
| 16 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 came | punct |
| 17 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 walked | conj |
| 18 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 father | nmod:poss |
| 19 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 said | obj |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 wailed | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 wailed | cc |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 mother | det |
| 23 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 wailed | nsubj |
| 24 | wailed | wail | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 walked | conj |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 cry | det |
| 26 | mourning | mourning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 cry | compound |
| 27 | cry | cry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 wailed | obj |
| 28 | from | from | ADP | _ | 30 place | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 place | det |
| 30 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 wailed | obl |
| 31 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 33 sat. | advmod |
| 32 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 sat. | nsubj |
| 33 | sat. | Saturday | PROPN | Abbr=Yes Number=Sing | 30 place | nmod |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | walk in a quote | past | Memainggwah | the Pathway of the Spirits | one moon obl; alone property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pathway=Agent | |||
| 2 | come in a quote | past | Keneu | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | Memainggwah's father | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | wail | past | the mother | a mourning cry | the place sat. Memainggwah | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent cry=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/52/16/