Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXVII. the Star That Never Moves, sentence 48
An Indian in his canoe at night can watch this star and know which way to go.
Who acts: Indian · What happens: watch, know, go · To what, where: star, canoe, way
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXVII. the Star That Never Moves. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indian), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 Indian | det |
| 2 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 watch | nsubj |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 canoe | case |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 canoe | nmod:poss |
| 5 | canoe | canoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 watch | obl |
| 6 | at | at | ADP | _ | 7 night | case |
| 7 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 canoe | nmod |
| 8 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 watch | aux |
| 9 | watch | watch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 10 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 11 star | det |
| 11 | star | star | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 watch | obj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 know | cc |
| 13 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 watch | conj |
| 14 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 15 way | det |
| 15 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 know | obj |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 go | mark |
| 17 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 way | acl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 watch | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | watch | can | a Indian | this star | Mukwa's canoe at night | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent star=Theme | |||
| 2 | know | present | a Indian not said here | which way | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer way=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | go | to-infinitive | a Indian not said here | which way not said here | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/52/48/