Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXVIII. Trapping in the Happy Hunting Grounds, sentence 20
The tree did not fall, and Tchakobeech made his sister climb up first, for then he could help her if her foot slipped.
Who acts: tree, Tchakobeech, sister, foot · What happens: not fall, make, climb up, help, slip · To what, where: sister, tree
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXVIII. Trapping in the Happy Hunting Grounds. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tree, Tchakobeech, sister, foot), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 tree | det |
| 2 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 fall | nsubj |
| 3 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 fall | aux |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 fall | advmod |
| 5 | fall | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 made | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 made | cc |
| 8 | Tchakobeech | Tchakobeech | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 made | nsubj |
| 9 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 fall | conj |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 sister | nmod:poss |
| 11 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 made | obj |
| 12 | climb | climb | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 made | xcomp |
| 13 | up | up | ADP | _ | 12 climb | compound:prt |
| 14 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 12 climb | advmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 help | punct |
| 16 | for | for | ADP | _ | 17 then | case |
| 17 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 20 help | obl |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 help | nsubj |
| 19 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 help | aux |
| 20 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 climb | conj |
| 21 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 help | obj |
| 22 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 25 slipped | mark |
| 23 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 foot | nmod:poss |
| 24 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 slipped | nsubj |
| 25 | slipped | slip | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 help | advcl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 fall | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not fall | past · do-support | the tree | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | make | past | Tchakobeech | Tchakobeech's sister | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | climb up | infinitive | Tchakobeech's sister not said here | first property | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | help | could | Tchakobeech | tree | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Beneficiary | ||||
| 5 | slip a condition, not said to happen | past | tree's foot | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/53/20/