Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Some Things the Indians Knew Before White Men Came, sentence 8
Each tribe had its own pattern and shape, differing so much from those of other tribes that a footprint might announce an enemy in war time.
Who acts: tribe, footprint · What happens: have, differ, announce, pattern · To what, where: own pattern, other tribes
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Some Things the Indians Knew Before White Men Came. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tribe, footprint), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 tribe | det |
| 2 | tribe | tribe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 had | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 pattern | nmod:poss |
| 5 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 pattern | amod |
| 6 | pattern | pattern | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 had | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 shape | cc |
| 8 | shape | shape | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 pattern | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 differing | punct |
| 10 | differing | differ | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 had | advcl |
| 11 | so | so | ADV | _ | 12 much | advmod |
| 12 | much | much | ADV | _ | 10 differing | advmod |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 those | case |
| 14 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 10 differing | obl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 tribes | case |
| 16 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 tribes | amod |
| 17 | tribes | tribe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 those | nmod |
| 18 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 announce | obj |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 footprint | det |
| 20 | footprint | footprint | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 announce | nsubj |
| 21 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 announce | aux |
| 22 | announce | announce | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 tribes | acl:relcl |
| 23 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 enemy | det |
| 24 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 announce | obj |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 time | case |
| 26 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 time | compound |
| 27 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 announce | obl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | each tribe | tribe's own pattern and shape | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pattern=Patient | ||||
| 2 | differ | gerund | each tribe not said here | from those of other tribes | vn differ-23.4 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme from that=Co-Theme | ||||
| 3 | announce speech: other | might | a footprint | other tribes | time | a enemy obj | tree rules | ||
| 4 | pattern | tribe | nom pattern «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/6/8/