Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Some Things the Indians Knew Before White Men Came, sentence 9
The Indians are still noted trappers, and their squaws know well how to tan and dress the skins of animals.
Who acts: squaws · What happens: note, know, tan, dress · To what, where: Indians, skins · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Some Things the Indians Knew Before White Men Came. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (squaws), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Indians | det |
| 2 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 5 noted | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 noted | aux:pass |
| 4 | still | still | ADV | _ | 5 noted | advmod |
| 5 | noted | note | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | trappers | trapper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 noted | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 know | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 know | cc |
| 9 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 squaws | nmod:poss |
| 10 | squaws | squaw | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 know | nsubj |
| 11 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 noted | conj |
| 12 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 11 know | advmod |
| 13 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 15 tan | advmod |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 tan | mark |
| 15 | tan | tan | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 know | ccomp |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 dress | cc |
| 17 | dress | dress | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 tan | conj |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 skins | det |
| 19 | skins | skin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 dress | obj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 animals | case |
| 21 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 skins | nmod |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 noted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | note | present · passive | the Indians | still | trappers obj | tree rules | |||
| 2 | know | present | Indians's squaws | well property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | tan | to-infinitive | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | dress | infinitive | the skins of animals | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/6/9/