Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVII. the North Wind’s Defeat, sentence 32

He said nothing aloud but whispered to himself: “I cannot endure this; I must leave.”

Who acts: Kabibonokka · What happens: say, whisper, not endure, leave · To what, where: nothing, Kabibonokka, this · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVII. the North Wind’s Defeat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kabibonokka), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 said	nsubj
2	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	2 said	obj
4	aloud	aloud	ADV	_	3 nothing	advmod
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	6 whispered	cc
6	whispered	whisper	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 said	conj
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 himself	case
8	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	6 whispered	obl
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	14 endure	punct
10	“	"	PUNCT	_	14 endure	punct
11	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	14 endure	nsubj
12	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 endure	aux
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 endure	advmod
14	endure	endure	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 said	ccomp
15	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	14 endure	obj
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	19 leave	punct
17	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	19 leave	nsubj
18	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	19 leave	aux
19	leave	leave	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 endure	conj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 endure	punct
21	”	"	PUNCT	_	14 endure	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	Kabibonokka	nothing		tree rules
2	whisper speech: assert	past	Kabibonokka not said here		Kabibonokka	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to himself=Recipient
3	not endure in a quote	can	Kabibonokka	this		vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme this=Circumstance
4	leave in a quote	must	Kabibonokka			vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/62/32/

🌲 Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVII. the North Wind’s Defeat, sentence 32

The tree

Pragmatics

Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVII. the North Wind’s Defeat, sentence 32