Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVII. the North Wind’s Defeat, sentence 31
Very soon the icy tears began to flow down the cheeks of Kabibonokka.
Who acts: icy tears · What happens: begin, flow down · To what, where: cheeks
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVII. the North Wind’s Defeat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (icy tears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Very | very | ADV | _ | 2 soon | advmod |
| 2 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 6 began | advmod |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 tears | det |
| 4 | icy | icy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 tears | amod |
| 5 | tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 began | nsubj |
| 6 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 flow | mark |
| 8 | flow | flow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 began | xcomp |
| 9 | down | down | ADP | _ | 8 flow | compound:prt |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 cheeks | det |
| 11 | cheeks | cheek | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 flow | obj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 Kabibonokka | case |
| 13 | Kabibonokka | Kabibonokka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 cheeks | nmod |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | the icy tears | soon property | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | flow down | to-infinitive | the icy tears not said here | the cheeks of Kabibonokka | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cheek=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/62/31/