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Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle, sentence 50

The hunter stood on a great rock on the top of the mountain and looked down; at his feet was a wide hole; he could not shoot his arrow across it.

Who acts: hunter, tamanous · What happens: stand, look down, be, not shoot · To what, where: great rock, wide hole, feet, arrow, hunter

This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hunter, tamanous), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

detnsubjcasedetamodoblcasedetoblcasedetnmodccconjcompound:prtpunctcasenmod:possnmod:unmarkedcopdetamodoblpunctnsubjauxadvmodparataxisnmod:possobjcaseoblpunctrootTheDEThunterNOUNstoodVERBonADPaDETgreatADJrockNOUNonADPtheDETtopNOUNofADPtheDETmountainNOUNandCCONJlookedVERBdownADP;PUNCTatADPhisPRONfeetNOUNwasAUXaDETwideADJholeNOUN;PUNCThePRONcouldAUXnotPARTshootVERBhisPRONarrowNOUNacrossADPitPRON.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art2 hunterdet
2hunterhunterNOUNNumber=Sing3 stoodnsubj
3stoodstandVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
4ononADP_7 rockcase
5aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art7 rockdet
6greatgreatADJDegree=Pos7 rockamod
7rockrockNOUNNumber=Sing3 stoodobl
8ononADP_10 topcase
9thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art10 topdet
10toptopNOUNNumber=Sing3 stoodobl
11ofofADP_13 mountaincase
12thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art13 mountaindet
13mountainmountainNOUNNumber=Sing10 topnmod
14andandCCONJ_15 lookedcc
15lookedlookVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin3 stoodconj
16downdownADP_15 lookedcompound:prt
17;;PUNCT_20 feetpunct
18atatADP_20 feetcase
19hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs20 feetnmod:poss
20feetfootNOUNNumber=Plur24 holenmod:unmarked
21wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin24 holecop
22aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art24 holedet
23widewideADJDegree=Pos24 holeamod
24holeholeNOUNNumber=Sing3 stoodobl
25;;PUNCT_29 shootpunct
26hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs29 shootnsubj
27couldcouldAUXVerbForm=Fin29 shootaux
28notnotPARTPolarity=Neg29 shootadvmod
29shootshootVERBVerbForm=Inf3 stoodparataxis
30hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs31 arrownmod:poss
31arrowarrowNOUNNumber=Sing29 shootobj
32acrossacrossADP_33 itcase
33ititPRONCase=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs29 shootobl
34..PUNCT_3 stoodpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1standpastthe huntera great rockon the top of the mountainvn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on rock=Location
2look downpastthe hunter not said herevn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
3is apasta wide holetamanous's feettree rules
4not shootcouldtamanoustamanous's arrowhuntervn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arrow=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/63/50/