Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle, sentence 51

The hole was white with snow, except that in the middle was a wide black lake; across the lake he saw the three great rocks he had been told to find.

Who acts: hole, tamanous · What happens: be, see, tell, find · To what, where: wide black lake, three great rocks, tamanous · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hole, tamanous), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 hole	det
2	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 lake	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 white	cop
4	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 hole	amod
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 snow	case
6	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 white	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 hole	punct
8	except	except	ADP	_	9 that	case
9	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 hole	nmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 middle	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 middle	det
12	middle	middle	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hole	nmod
13	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 lake	cop
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 lake	det
15	wide	wide	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 lake	amod
16	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 lake	amod
17	lake	lake	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
18	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 lake	punct
19	across	across	ADP	_	21 lake	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 lake	det
21	lake	lake	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 lake	conj
22	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 saw	nsubj
23	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 lake	acl:relcl
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 rocks	det
25	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	27 rocks	nummod
26	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 rocks	amod
27	rocks	rock	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 saw	obj
28	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 told	nsubj
29	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	31 told	aux
30	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	31 told	aux:pass
31	told	tell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	27 rocks	acl:relcl
32	to	to	PART	_	33 find	mark
33	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	31 told	xcomp
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	17 lake	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	past			with snow; white property	tree rules
2	is a	past	the hole except that in the middle	a wide black lake and the lake	the lake conj	tree rules
3	see	past	tamanous	the three great rocks		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rock=Stimulus
4	tell speech: assert	past · perfect · passive		tamanous		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic
5	find not said to happen	to-infinitive	tamanous not said here			vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/63/51/

🌲 Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle, sentence 51

The tree

Pragmatics

Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle, sentence 51