Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle, sentence 52
The hunter walked on the crackling snow until he reached these three rocks.
Who acts: hunter, tamanous · What happens: walk, reach · To what, where: crackling snow, three rocks
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hunter, tamanous), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 hunter | det |
| 2 | hunter | hunter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 walked | nsubj |
| 3 | walked | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 snow | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 snow | det |
| 6 | crackling | crackling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 snow | compound |
| 7 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 walked | obl |
| 8 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 10 reached | mark |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 reached | nsubj |
| 10 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 walked | advcl |
| 11 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 13 rocks | det |
| 12 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 rocks | nummod |
| 13 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 reached | obj |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 walked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | walk | past | the hunter | the crackling snow | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on snow=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | reach | past | tamanous | this three rocks | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent rock=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/63/52/