Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle, sentence 85
A black mist came over the mountain; the storm winds came.
Who acts: black mist, storm · What happens: come, wind · To what, where: mountain
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (black mist, storm), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 mist | det |
| 2 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 mist | amod |
| 3 | mist | mist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 came | nsubj |
| 4 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | over | over | ADP | _ | 7 mountain | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 mountain | det |
| 7 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 came | obl |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 11 winds | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 storm | det |
| 10 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 winds | nsubj |
| 11 | winds | wind | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 came | conj |
| 12 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 winds | ccomp |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | a black mist | the mountain | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme over mountain=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | wind | present | the storm | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | come | past | the storm not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/63/85/