Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle, sentence 91
He heard two voices in the thunder; one was the Great Tamanous.
Who acts: water, one · What happens: hear, be · To what, where: two voices, thunder, Great Tamanous
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (water, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 heard | nsubj |
| 2 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 voices | nummod |
| 4 | voices | voice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 heard | obj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 thunder | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 thunder | det |
| 7 | thunder | thunder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 heard | obl |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 Tamanous | punct |
| 9 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 Tamanous | nsubj |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 Tamanous | cop |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 Tamanous | det |
| 12 | Great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 Tamanous | amod |
| 13 | Tamanous | Tamanous | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 heard | obl |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | water | two voices | the thunder | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | is a | past | one | the Great Tamanous | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/63/91/