Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, II. Story of the Deluge, sentence 3
One day he saw the chief of the water manitous asleep on a rock, and he shot and killed him with a magic arrow; then the little water manitous called the big rivers to help them and chased Menabozho up a high hill.
Who acts: Menabozho · What happens: see, shoot, kill, call, help, chase up · To what, where: chief, rock, Menabozho, big rivers, rivers · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, II. Story of the Deluge. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Menabozho), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 day | nummod |
| 2 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 saw | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 saw | nsubj |
| 4 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 chief | det |
| 6 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 saw | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 water | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 water | det |
| 9 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 chief | nmod |
| 10 | manitous | manitous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 asleep | amod |
| 11 | asleep | asleep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 saw | xcomp |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 14 rock | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 rock | det |
| 14 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 saw | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 shot | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 shot | cc |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 shot | nsubj |
| 18 | shot | shoot | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 saw | parataxis |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 killed | cc |
| 20 | killed | kill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 shot | conj |
| 21 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 killed | obj |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 25 arrow | case |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 arrow | det |
| 24 | magic | magic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 arrow | amod |
| 25 | arrow | arrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 killed | obl |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 manitous | punct |
| 27 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 31 manitous | advmod |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 water | det |
| 29 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 water | amod |
| 30 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 manitous | nsubj |
| 31 | manitous | manitous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 saw | conj |
| 32 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 manitous | acl |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 rivers | det |
| 34 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 rivers | amod |
| 35 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 called | obj |
| 36 | to | to | PART | _ | 37 help | mark |
| 37 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 manitous | advcl |
| 38 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 help | obj |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 chased | cc |
| 40 | chased | chase | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 saw | conj |
| 41 | Menabozho | Menabozho | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 chased | obj |
| 42 | up | up | ADP | _ | 40 chased | compound:prt |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 hill | det |
| 44 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 hill | amod |
| 45 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 chased | obj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | Menabozho | the chief of the water | a rock | day | asleep property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer chief=Stimulus | |
| 2 | shoot | past | Menabozho | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | kill | past | Menabozho not said here | Menabozho | with a magic arrow | vn murder-42.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent he=Patient with arrow=Instrument | |||
| 4 | call | participle | the big rivers | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent river=Recipient | |||||
| 5 | help | to-infinitive | Menabozho not said here | rivers = river | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary | ||||
| 6 | chase up | past | Menabozho not said here | Menabozho | a high hill obj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/71/3/