Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, II. Story of the Deluge, sentence 4
The water reached halfway up the hill; the water manitous called all the little rivers then to help them.
Who acts: water · What happens: reach, call, help · To what, where: hill, little rivers, rivers · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, II. Story of the Deluge. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 water | det |
| 2 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 reached | nsubj |
| 3 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | halfway | halfway | ADV | _ | 3 reached | advmod |
| 5 | up | up | ADP | _ | 7 hill | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 hill | det |
| 7 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 reached | obl |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 11 manitous | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 water | det |
| 10 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 manitous | nsubj |
| 11 | manitous | manitous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 reached | parataxis |
| 12 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 manitous | acl |
| 13 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 16 rivers | det:predet |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 rivers | det |
| 15 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 rivers | amod |
| 16 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 called | xcomp |
| 17 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 19 help | advmod |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 help | mark |
| 19 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 manitous | advcl |
| 20 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 help | obj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 reached | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reach | past | the water | the hill | halfway property | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent up hill=Path | |||
| 2 | call | participle | all little rivers | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | help | to-infinitive | the water not said here | rivers = river | then | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/71/4/