Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, How He United the Five Nations, sentence 8
While the three Indians sat watching the river, they saw a white canoe coming straight toward the little hill where they sat. It seemed to come from the place of the setting sun.
Who acts: three Indians, Indians, white canoe · What happens: sit, watch, see, come, sat., seem · To what, where: river, little hill, place · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How He United the Five Nations. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (three Indians, Indians, white canoe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | While | while | SCONJ | _ | 5 sat | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Indians | det |
| 3 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 Indians | nummod |
| 4 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 5 sat | nsubj |
| 5 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 saw | advcl |
| 6 | watching | watch | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 sat | xcomp |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 river | det |
| 8 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 watching | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 sat | punct |
| 10 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 saw | nsubj |
| 11 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 canoe | det |
| 13 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 canoe | amod |
| 14 | canoe | canoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 seemed | nsubj |
| 15 | coming | come | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 canoe | acl |
| 16 | straight | straight | ADV | _ | 15 coming | advmod |
| 17 | toward | toward | ADP | _ | 20 hill | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 hill | det |
| 19 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 hill | amod |
| 20 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 coming | obl |
| 21 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 23 sat. | advmod |
| 22 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 sat. | nsubj |
| 23 | sat. | sat. | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 hill | acl:relcl |
| 24 | It | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 sat. | obj |
| 25 | seemed | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 saw | ccomp |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 come | mark |
| 27 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 seemed | xcomp |
| 28 | from | from | ADP | _ | 30 place | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 place | det |
| 30 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 come | obl |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 sun. | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 sun. | det |
| 33 | setting | setting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 sun. | compound |
| 34 | sun. | sun. | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 place | nmod |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sit | past | the three Indians | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | watch | gerund | the three Indians not said here | the river | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent river=Theme | ||||
| 3 | see | past | Indians = indian | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | come | gerund | a white canoe not said here | the little hill | straight property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme toward hill=Initial_Location | |||
| 5 | sat. | past | Indians = indian | river | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | seem | past | a white canoe | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 7 | come | to-infinitive | a white canoe not said here | the place of the setting sun. | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from place=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/77/8/