Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, How He United the Five Nations, sentence 9
The three Indians saw a white-haired chief alone in the canoe, and he had no paddle.
Who acts: three, sun · What happens: see, have · To what, where: white haired chief, canoe, paddle
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How He United the Five Nations. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (three, sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 three | det |
| 2 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 saw | nsubj |
| 3 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 4 saw | nsubj |
| 4 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 chief | det |
| 6 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 chief | amod |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 white | punct |
| 8 | haired | haired | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 chief | amod |
| 9 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 saw | obj |
| 10 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 9 chief | advmod |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 canoe | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 canoe | det |
| 13 | canoe | canoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 chief | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 had | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 had | cc |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 had | nsubj |
| 17 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 saw | conj |
| 18 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 19 paddle | det |
| 19 | paddle | paddle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 had | obj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | the three | a white haired chief | the canoe | Indians nsubj | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer chief=Stimulus | ||
| 2 | have | past | sun | no paddle | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paddle=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/77/9/