Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, IX. Wampum or Indian Money, sentence 14
They showed the other tribes how to make the long strings of bead money, and many bands went on strange trails to find the rivers or the lakes where the shells were hidden under the water.
Who acts: strings, many bands · What happens: show, make, go, find, hide · To what, where: other tribes, long strings, strange trails, rivers, shells, water
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IX. Wampum or Indian Money. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (strings, many bands), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 showed | nsubj |
| 2 | showed | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 tribes | det |
| 4 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 tribes | amod |
| 5 | tribes | tribe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 showed | obj |
| 6 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 8 make | advmod |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 make | mark |
| 8 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 showed | advcl |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 strings | det |
| 10 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 strings | amod |
| 11 | strings | string | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 make | obj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 money | case |
| 13 | bead | bead | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 money | compound |
| 14 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 strings | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 went | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 went | cc |
| 17 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 bands | amod |
| 18 | bands | band | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 went | nsubj |
| 19 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 showed | conj |
| 20 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 trails | case |
| 21 | strange | strange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 trails | amod |
| 22 | trails | trail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 went | obl |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 find | mark |
| 24 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 went | advcl |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 rivers | det |
| 26 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 find | obj |
| 27 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 29 lakes | cc |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 lakes | det |
| 29 | lakes | lake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 rivers | conj |
| 30 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 34 hidden | advmod |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 shells | det |
| 32 | shells | shell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 hidden | nsubj:pass |
| 33 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 hidden | aux:pass |
| 34 | hidden | hide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 rivers | acl |
| 35 | under | under | ADP | _ | 37 water | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 water | det |
| 37 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 hidden | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 showed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | past | strings = string | the other tribes | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent tribe=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | make | to-infinitive | strings = string not said here | the long strings of bead money | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset string=Product | ||||
| 3 | go | past | many bands | strange trails | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on trail=Location | ||||
| 4 | find | to-infinitive | many bands not said here | the rivers or the lakes | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent river=Topic | ||||
| 5 | hide | past · passive | the shells | the water | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Patient under water=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/78/14/