Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, IX. Wampum or Indian Money, sentence 15
Mounds like small hills have been found by the white men near lakes and streams.
Who acts: white men · What happens: find · To what, where: Mounds
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IX. Wampum or Indian Money. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (white men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mounds | mound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 found | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | like | like | ADP | _ | 4 hills | case |
| 3 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 hills | amod |
| 4 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Mounds | nmod |
| 5 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 found | aux |
| 6 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 found | aux:pass |
| 7 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | by | by | ADP | _ | 11 men | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 men | det |
| 10 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 men | amod |
| 11 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 found | obl |
| 12 | near | near | ADP | _ | 13 lakes | case |
| 13 | lakes | lake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 men | nmod |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 streams | cc |
| 15 | streams | stream | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 lakes | conj |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 found | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | present · perfect · passive | the white men near lakes and streams | Mounds like small hills | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/78/15/