Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, IX. Wampum or Indian Money, sentence 6
While he was wondering which way was best, the sky was filled with wild ducks.
Who acts: Hiawatha, way · What happens: wonder, be, fill · To what, where: sky
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IX. Wampum or Indian Money. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hiawatha, way), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | While | while | SCONJ | _ | 4 wondering | mark |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 wondering | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 wondering | aux |
| 4 | wondering | wonder | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 best | advcl |
| 5 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 6 way | det |
| 6 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 best | nsubj |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 best | cop |
| 8 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 filled | punct |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 sky | det |
| 11 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 filled | nsubj:pass |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 filled | aux:pass |
| 13 | filled | fill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 best | conj |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 ducks | case |
| 15 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 ducks | amod |
| 16 | ducks | duck | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 filled | obl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 best | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wonder speech: ask | past · progressive | Hiawatha | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | is | past | which way | good property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | fill | past · passive | the sky | with wild ducks | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with duck=Instrument |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/78/6/