Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, IX. Wampum or Indian Money, sentence 7
These birds flew down upon the lake and began to drink and to swim.
Who acts: birds · What happens: fly down, begin, drink, swim · To what, where: lake
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IX. Wampum or Indian Money. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 2 birds | det |
| 2 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 flew | nsubj |
| 3 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | down | down | ADV | _ | 3 flew | advmod |
| 5 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 7 lake | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 lake | det |
| 7 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 flew | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 began | cc |
| 9 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 flew | conj |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 drink | mark |
| 11 | drink | drink | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 began | xcomp |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 swim | cc |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 swim | mark |
| 14 | swim | swim | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 drink | conj |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 flew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fly down | past | this birds | the lake | down property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent upon lake=Location | |||
| 2 | begin | past | this birds not said here | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | drink | to-infinitive | this birds not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | swim | to-infinitive | this birds not said here | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/78/7/