Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Records, sentence 14
These are believed to have been made by a people, long ago extinct, who may have fought the Delawares.
Who acts: people · What happens: believe, make, fight · To what, where: These, Delawares
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Records. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 3 believed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 believed | aux:pass |
| 3 | believed | believe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 made | mark |
| 5 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 7 made | aux |
| 6 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 made | aux:pass |
| 7 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 believed | xcomp |
| 8 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 people | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 people | det |
| 10 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 made | obl:agent |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 extinct | punct |
| 12 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 14 extinct | advmod |
| 13 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 14 extinct | advmod |
| 14 | extinct | extinct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 believed | parataxis |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 fought | punct |
| 16 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 fought | nsubj |
| 17 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 fought | aux |
| 18 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 19 fought | aux |
| 19 | fought | fight | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 extinct | conj |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 Delawares | det |
| 21 | Delawares | delaware | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 fought | obj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 believed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | believe | present · passive | These | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | make | to-infinitive · perfect · passive | a people | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | fight | may · perfect | the Delawares | who nsubj | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent delaware=Co-Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/8/14/