Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Records, sentence 16

The last marks upon these painted sticks are said to mean: “The white men have come from the north and the south.

Who acts: white men · What happens: paint, say, mean, come · To what, where: last marks, north · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Records. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (white men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 marks	det
2	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 marks	amod
3	marks	mark	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 said	nsubj:pass
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 sticks	case
5	these	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	7 sticks	det
6	painted	paint	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 sticks	amod
7	sticks	stick	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 marks	nmod
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 said	aux:pass
9	said	say	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	to	to	PART	_	11 mean	mark
11	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 said	xcomp
12	:	:	PUNCT	_	18 come	punct
13	“	"	PUNCT	_	18 come	punct
14	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 men	det
15	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 men	amod
16	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 come	nsubj
17	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 come	aux
18	come	come	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	9 said	conj
19	from	from	ADP	_	21 north	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 north	det
21	north	north	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 come	obl
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 south	cc
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 south	det
24	south	south	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 north	conj
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 said	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	paint	participle				vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	say speech: assert	present · passive		the last marks upon this painted sticks		tree rules
3	mean	to-infinitive				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
4	come in a quote	present · perfect	the white men		the north and the south	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from north=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/8/16/

🌲 Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Records, sentence 16

The tree

Pragmatics

Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Records, sentence 16