Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XI. the One Who Loved Him Most, sentence 8
The dog knew its meaning and howled for sorrow.
Who acts: dog · What happens: know, howl, mean · To what, where: meaning
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XI. the One Who Loved Him Most. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dog), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 dog | det |
| 2 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 knew | nsubj |
| 3 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 meaning | nmod:poss |
| 5 | meaning | meaning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 knew | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 howled | cc |
| 7 | howled | howl | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 knew | conj |
| 8 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 sorrow | case |
| 9 | sorrow | sorrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 howled | obl |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 knew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past | the dog | dog's meaning | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer meaning=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | howl | past | the dog not said here | for sorrow | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S_INF»: agent=Agent for sorrow=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | mean | dog | nom meaning «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/80/8/