Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIII. How Light, Fire, and Water First Came to the World, sentence 4
All the other Indians in the whole world suffered from cold and darkness and had no water.
Who acts: other Indians · What happens: suffer, have · To what, where: cold, water
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIII. How Light, Fire, and Water First Came to the World. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (other Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 Indians | det:predet |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Indians | det |
| 3 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 Indians | amod |
| 4 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 9 suffered | nsubj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 world | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 world | det |
| 7 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 world | amod |
| 8 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 Indians | nmod |
| 9 | suffered | suffer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | from | from | ADP | _ | 11 cold | case |
| 11 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 suffered | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 darkness | cc |
| 13 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 cold | conj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 had | cc |
| 15 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 suffered | conj |
| 16 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 17 water | det |
| 17 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 had | obj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 suffered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | suffer | past | all other Indians in the whole world | cold and darkness | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | have | past | all other Indians in the whole world not said here | no water | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/82/4/