Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIII. How Light, Fire, and Water First Came to the World, sentence 5
All the Indians came to this old chief’s teepee and begged for a little light.
Who acts: Indians · What happens: come, beg · To what, where: teepee
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIII. How Light, Fire, and Water First Came to the World. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 Indians | det:predet |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Indians | det |
| 3 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 4 came | nsubj |
| 4 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 teepee | case |
| 6 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 8 chief | det |
| 7 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 chief | amod |
| 8 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 teepee | nmod:poss |
| 9 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 8 chief | case |
| 10 | teepee | teepee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 came | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 begged | cc |
| 12 | begged | beg | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 teepee | conj |
| 13 | for | for | ADP | _ | 16 light | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 light | det |
| 15 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 light | amod |
| 16 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 begged | obl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | all Indians | this old chief's teepee | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to teepee=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | beg speech: request | participle | all Indians not said here | for a little light | vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V PP.Topic»: agent=Agent for light=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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