Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIV. How the Copper Mountain Came to Fall, sentence 3
He has won their respect, given them a written language, and taught them many of the white man’s secrets; in return they have told him many of their stories and their secrets.
Who acts: priest, Indians · What happens: win, give, write, teach, tell, respect · To what, where: respect, Indians, many, priest, return · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIV. How the Copper Mountain Came to Fall. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (priest, Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 won | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 won | aux |
| 3 | won | win | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 respect | nmod:poss |
| 5 | respect | respect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 won | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 given | punct |
| 7 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 won | conj |
| 8 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 given | obj |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 language | det |
| 10 | written | write | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 language | amod |
| 11 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 given | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 taught | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 taught | cc |
| 14 | taught | teach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 won | advcl |
| 15 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 taught | obj |
| 16 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 taught | obj |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 secrets | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 man | det |
| 19 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 man | amod |
| 20 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 secrets | nmod:poss |
| 21 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 20 man | case |
| 22 | secrets | secret | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 many | nmod |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 told | punct |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 return | case |
| 25 | return | return | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 told | obl |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 told | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 told | aux |
| 28 | told | tell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 won | conj |
| 29 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 told | iobj |
| 30 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 told | obj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 stories | case |
| 32 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 stories | nmod:poss |
| 33 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 many | nmod |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 secrets | cc |
| 35 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 secrets | nmod:poss |
| 36 | secrets | secret | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 stories | conj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 won | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | win | present · perfect | priest | Indians's respect | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent respect=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | give | participle | priest not said here | Indians = indian | a written language obj | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient language=Theme | |||
| 3 | write | participle | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | teach speech: other | past | priest not said here | many of the white man's secrets | Indians = indian | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient many=Topic | |||
| 5 | tell speech: assert | present · perfect · passive | Indians = indian | priest | return | tree rules | |||
| 6 | respect | Indians = indian | nom respect «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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