Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIV. How the Copper Mountain Came to Fall, sentence 4
They have told him why they no longer own copper mines, but must get copper from the Kaidahs, a stronger tribe.
Who acts: Indians · What happens: tell, mine, get · To what, where: Indians, priest, copper, Kaidahs · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIV. How the Copper Mountain Came to Fall. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 told | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 told | aux |
| 3 | told | tell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 told | iobj |
| 5 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 11 mines | advmod |
| 6 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 mines | nsubj |
| 7 | no | no | ADV | _ | 8 longer | advmod |
| 8 | longer | long | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 9 own | advmod |
| 9 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 mines | amod |
| 10 | copper | copper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 mines | compound |
| 11 | mines | mine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 told | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 get | punct |
| 13 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 15 get | cc |
| 14 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 get | aux |
| 15 | get | get | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 3 told | parataxis |
| 16 | copper | copper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 get | obj |
| 17 | from | from | ADP | _ | 19 Kaidahs | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Kaidahs | det |
| 19 | Kaidahs | Kaidahs | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 get | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 tribe | punct |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 tribe | det |
| 22 | stronger | strong | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 23 tribe | amod |
| 23 | tribe | tribe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 Kaidahs | appos |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | present · perfect · passive | Indians = indian | priest | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient he=Topic | ||||
| 2 | mine | Indians = indian | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | get | must | copper | the Kaidahs | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent copper=Theme from kaidahs=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/83/4/