Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Key to Marks of Pronunciation, sentence 23
Indian pony, formerly used by the Cayuse Indians of the northern Rocky Mountains.
What happens: use · To what, where: Indian pony
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Key to Marks of Pronunciation. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 pony | amod |
| 2 | pony | pony | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 used | punct |
| 4 | formerly | formerly | ADV | _ | 5 used | advmod |
| 5 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 pony | acl |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 Indians | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Indians | det |
| 8 | Cayuse | Cayuse | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Indians | compound |
| 9 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 5 used | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 Mountains | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Mountains | det |
| 12 | northern | northern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 Mountains | amod |
| 13 | Rocky | Rocky | PROPN | _ | 14 Mountains | compound |
| 14 | Mountains | Mountain | PROPN | Number=Plur | 9 Indians | nmod |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 pony | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | participle | Indian pony not said here | by the Cayuse Indians of the northern Rocky Mountains; formerly property | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/86/23/