Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Key to Marks of Pronunciation, sentence 3
Ăz′tĕꞓ Căl′ĭ fôr′nĭ a̯ Cā nŏn′i̯ ꞓŭs Champlain (shăm plān′) Chĕr ō ke͞e′ Chĭb′ĭ ä bōs′ Chŏk′ȧn ĭ pŏk Dĕl′a̯ wâre Ĕsh kŏs′sĭm Flăt′hĕad Gĕn e̯ se͞e′ Ī′e̯ tȧn Kȧ bĭb o nōk′kȧ Kē′neū Kē′we͞e na̤w Kĭꞓk a̯ po͞o′ Kĭ măn′che͞e Kī′o̯ wȧ Kwä′sĭnd Louisiana (lo͞o′ē zē ä′na̯) Măs′sä soit Mĕn dō′tȧ Mī′ăn tō nō′mo̯h Mĭs sä′bȧ Nä′nä bụsh Nătch′ĕz Nē nē mō′she͞e Ŏn ŏn dä′gä Ō pē′che͞e Săm′ō sĕt Sĕn′e̯ ꞓa̯ Shĭn′gē bĭs Skĭ kĕl′lĭng Squän′tō Tä ꞓō′mä Tähl ē quäh′ T chä′kō be͞ech Tē ꞓŭm′se̯h To͞on kän′ Ŭnk tä′hē Wä bōse′ Wäh bē gwän′ne͞e Wä păk′ō Wĭn nĭ wĭs′sĭ Yăn′nȧ
Who acts: Dĕl ′, Ăz tĕꞓ, ′, gä, ō sĕt, gē · What happens: kŏ, hĕa, bĭb, che͞e, e̯, bĭ · To what, where: ĭ pŏk, Gĕn e̯ se͞e, Skĭ kĕl ′, Squän
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Key to Marks of Pronunciation. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dĕl ′, Ăz tĕꞓ, ′, gä), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ăz | Ăz | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 tĕꞓ | compound |
| 2 | ′ | ′ | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ăz | punct |
| 3 | tĕꞓ | tĕꞓ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 hĕad | nsubj |
| 4 | Căl | Căl | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 tĕꞓ | appos |
| 5 | ′ | ′ | PUNCT | _ | 7 fôr | punct |
| 6 | ĭ | ĭ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 fôr | compound |
| 7 | fôr | fôr | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 tĕꞓ | conj |
| 8 | ′ | ′ | PUNCT | _ | 9 nĭ | punct |
| 9 | nĭ | nĭ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 tĕꞓ | conj |
| 10 | a̯ | a̯ | ADP | _ | 13 ′ | case |
| 11 | Cā | Cā | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 ′ | compound |
| 12 | nŏn | nŏn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 ′ | compound |
| 13 | ′ | ′ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 nĭ | nmod |
| 14 | i̯ | i̯ | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 15 ꞓŭs | nummod |
| 15 | ꞓŭs | ꞓŭ | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 ′ | conj |
| 16 | Champlain | Champlain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 ꞓŭs | appos |
| 17 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 20 ′ | punct |
| 18 | shăm | shăm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 plān | compound |
| 19 | plān | plān | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 ′ | compound |
| 20 | ′ | ′ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 Champlain | appos |
| 21 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 20 ′ | punct |
| 22 | Chĕr | Chĕr | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Champlain | flat |
| 23 | ō | ō | X | Foreign=Yes | 16 Champlain | dep |
| 24 | ke͞e | ke͞e | X | Foreign=Yes | 23 ō | flat:foreign |
| 25 | ′ | ′ | ADP | _ | 26 Chĭb | case |
| 26 | Chĭb | Chĭb | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 ō | nmod |
| 27 | ′ | ′ | PUNCT | _ | 28 ĭ | punct |
| 28 | ĭ | ĭ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 Champlain | appos |
| 29 | ä | ä | ADP | _ | 30 bōs | case |
| 30 | bōs | bō | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 ĭ | nmod |
| 31 | ′ | ′ | ADP | _ | 32 Chŏk | case |
| 32 | Chŏk | Chŏk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 bōs | nmod |
| 33 | ′ | ′ | PUNCT | _ | 36 pŏk | punct |
| 34 | ȧn | ȧn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 ĭ | compound |
| 35 | ĭ | ĭ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 pŏk | compound |
| 36 | pŏk | pŏk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 Champlain | appos |
| 37 | Dĕl | Dĕl | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 ′ | compound |
| 38 | ′ | ′ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 kŏs | nsubj |
| 39 | a̯ | a̯ | ADP | _ | 40 wâre | case |
| 40 | wâre | wâre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 ′ | nmod |
| 41 | Ĕsh | Ĕsh | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 wâre | appos |
| 42 | kŏs | kŏ | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 pŏk | acl:relcl |
| 43 | ′ | ′ | PUNCT | _ | 44 sĭm | punct |
| 44 | sĭm | sĭm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 Champlain | conj |
| 45 | Flăt | Flăt | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 sĭm | appos |
| 46 | ′ | ′ | PUNCT | _ | 3 tĕꞓ | punct |
| 47 | hĕad | hĕa | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 48 | Gĕn | Gĕn | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 se͞e | compound |
| 49 | e̯ | e̯ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 se͞e | compound |
| 50 | se͞e | se͞e | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 hĕad | obj |
| 51 | ′ | ′ | ADP | _ | 52 Ī | case |
| 52 | Ī | Ī | PROPN | Number=Sing | 47 hĕad | obl |
| 53 | ′ | ′ | X | Foreign=Yes | 57 bĭb | nsubj |
| 54 | e̯ | e̯ | X | Foreign=Yes | 53 ′ | flat:foreign |
| 55 | tȧn | tȧn | X | Foreign=Yes | 53 ′ | flat:foreign |
| 56 | Kȧ | Kȧ | PROPN | Number=Sing | 57 bĭb | compound |
| 57 | bĭb | bĭb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 hĕad | parataxis |
| 58 | o | of | ADP | Abbr=Yes | 61 kȧ | case |
| 59 | nōk | nōk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 kȧ | compound |
| 60 | ′ | ′ | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 59 nōk | flat |
| 61 | kȧ | kȧ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 bĭb | nmod |
| 62 | Kē | Kē | PROPN | Number=Sing | 61 kȧ | appos |
| 63 | ′ | ′ | PUNCT | _ | 64 neū | punct |
| 64 | neū | neū | NOUN | Number=Sing | 68 na̤w | nsubj |
| 65 | Kē | Kē | PROPN | Number=Sing | 64 neū | appos |
| 66 | ′ | ′ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 67 we͞e | compound |
| 67 | we͞e | we͞e | NOUN | Number=Sing | 68 na̤w | compound |
| 68 | na̤w | na̤w | X | _ | 57 bĭb | conj |
| 69 | Kĭꞓk | Kĭꞓk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 71 po͞o | compound |
| 70 | a̯ | a̯ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 71 po͞o | compound |
| 71 | po͞o | po͞o | NOUN | Number=Sing | 68 na̤w | flat |
| 72 | ′ | ′ | ADP | _ | 76 che͞e | case |
| 73 | Kĭ | Kĭ | PROPN | Number=Sing | 76 che͞e | nsubj |
| 74 | măn | măn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 76 che͞e | compound |
| 75 | ′ | ′ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 76 che͞e | compound |
| 76 | che͞e | che͞e | NOUN | Number=Sing | 68 na̤w | nmod |
| 77 | Kī | Kī | PROPN | Number=Sing | 76 che͞e | appos |
| 78 | ′ | ′ | PROPN | Number=Sing | 77 Kī | flat |
| 79 | o̯ | o̯ | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 77 Kī | list |
| 80 | wȧ | wȧ | ADP | _ | 81 Kwä | case |
| 81 | Kwä | Kwä | PROPN | Number=Sing | 68 na̤w | nmod |
| 82 | ′ | ′ | PUNCT | _ | 84 Louisiana | punct |
| 83 | sĭnd | sĭnd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 84 Louisiana | nmod:desc |
| 84 | Louisiana | Louisiana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 92 na̯ | compound |
| 85 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 86 lo͞o | punct |
| 86 | lo͞o | lo͞o | X | Foreign=Yes | 92 na̯ | amod |
| 87 | ′ | ′ | X | Foreign=Yes | 86 lo͞o | flat:foreign |
| 88 | ē | ē | X | Foreign=Yes | 86 lo͞o | flat:foreign |
| 89 | zē | zē | X | Foreign=Yes | 86 lo͞o | flat:foreign |
| 90 | ä | ä | X | Foreign=Yes | 86 lo͞o | flat:foreign |
| 91 | ′ | ′ | X | Foreign=Yes | 86 lo͞o | flat |
| 92 | na̯ | na̯ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 68 na̤w | flat |
| 93 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 68 na̤w | punct |
| 94 | Măs | Măs | PROPN | Number=Sing | 68 na̤w | flat |
| 95 | ′ | ′ | PUNCT | _ | 99 dō | punct |
| 96 | sä | sä | NOUN | Number=Sing | 97 soit | compound |
| 97 | soit | soit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 99 dō | compound |
| 98 | Mĕn | Mĕn | PROPN | Number=Sing | 99 dō | compound |
| 99 | dō | dō | NOUN | Number=Sing | 68 na̤w | conj |
| 100 | ′ | ′ | PUNCT | _ | 102 Mī | punct |
| 101 | tȧ | tȧ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 102 Mī | nmod:desc |
| 102 | Mī | Mī | PROPN | Number=Sing | 68 na̤w | nmod:unmarked |
| 103 | ′ | ′ | PUNCT | _ | 106 nō | punct |
| 104 | ăn | ăn | X | Foreign=Yes | 106 nō | flat:foreign |
| 105 | tō | tō | X | Foreign=Yes | 106 nō | flat:foreign |
| 106 | nō | nō | X | Foreign=Yes | 68 na̤w | conj |
| 107 | ′ | ′ | PUNCT | _ | 110 sä | punct |
| 108 | mo̯h | mo̯h | NOUN | Number=Sing | 110 sä | compound |
| 109 | Mĭs | Mĭs | PROPN | Number=Sing | 110 sä | compound |
| 110 | sä | sä | NOUN | Number=Sing | 106 nō | appos |
| 111 | ′ | ′ | PUNCT | _ | 112 bȧ | punct |
| 112 | bȧ | bȧ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 110 sä | conj |
| 113 | Nä | Nä | PROPN | Number=Sing | 112 bȧ | appos |
| 114 | ′ | ′ | PUNCT | _ | 116 bụsh | punct |
| 115 | nä | nä | NOUN | Number=Sing | 116 bụsh | compound |
| 116 | bụsh | bụsh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 110 sä | conj |
| 117 | Nătch | Nătch | PROPN | Number=Sing | 116 bụsh | appos |
| 118 | ′ | ′ | PUNCT | _ | 120 Nē | punct |
| 119 | ĕz | ĕz | X | Foreign=Yes | 120 Nē | flat:foreign |
| 120 | Nē | Nē | PROPN | Number=Sing | 110 sä | nmod |
| 121 | nē | nē | X | Foreign=Yes | 120 Nē | dep |
| 122 | mō | mō | X | Foreign=Yes | 106 nō | conj |
| 123 | ′ | ′ | X | Foreign=Yes | 122 mō | flat:foreign |
| 124 | she͞e | she͞e | X | Foreign=Yes | 122 mō | flat:foreign |
| 125 | Ŏn | Ŏn | PROPN | Number=Sing | 127 dä | compound |
| 126 | ŏn | ŏn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 127 dä | compound |
| 127 | dä | dä | NOUN | Number=Sing | 122 mō | appos |
| 128 | ′ | ′ | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 127 dä | flat |
| 129 | gä | gä | NOUN | Number=Sing | 133 che͞e | nsubj |
| 130 | Ō | Ō | PROPN | Number=Sing | 133 che͞e | nsubj |
| 131 | pē | pē | NOUN | Number=Sing | 133 che͞e | compound |
| 132 | ′ | ′ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 133 che͞e | compound |
| 133 | che͞e | che͞e | NOUN | Number=Sing | 127 dä | conj |
| 134 | Săm | Săm | PROPN | Number=Sing | 133 che͞e | appos |
| 135 | ′ | ′ | PUNCT | _ | 137 sĕt | punct |
| 136 | ō | ō | X | _ | 137 sĕt | compound |
| 137 | sĕt | sĕt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 140 e̯ | nsubj |
| 138 | Sĕn | Sĕn | PROPN | Number=Sing | 137 sĕt | appos |
| 139 | ′ | ′ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 140 e̯ | compound |
| 140 | e̯ | e̯ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 133 che͞e | parataxis |
| 141 | ꞓa̯ | ꞓa̯ | ADP | _ | 142 Shĭn | case |
| 142 | Shĭn | Shĭn | PROPN | Number=Sing | 140 e̯ | nmod |
| 143 | ′ | ′ | PUNCT | _ | 145 bĭs | punct |
| 144 | gē | gē | X | Foreign=Yes | 145 bĭs | nsubj |
| 145 | bĭs | bĭ | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 140 e̯ | acl:relcl |
| 146 | Skĭ | Skĭ | PROPN | Number=Sing | 148 ′ | compound |
| 147 | kĕl | kĕl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 148 ′ | compound |
| 148 | ′ | ′ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 145 bĭs | obj |
| 149 | lĭng | lĭng | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 148 ′ | acl |
| 150 | Squän | Squän | PROPN | Number=Sing | 149 lĭng | obj |
| 151 | ′ | ′ | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 150 Squän | flat |
| 152 | tō | tō | ADP | _ | 153 Tä | case |
| 153 | Tä | Tä | PROPN | Number=Sing | 149 lĭng | obl |
| 154 | ꞓō | ꞓō | X | _ | 156 mä | compound |
| 155 | ′ | ′ | X | _ | 156 mä | compound |
| 156 | mä | mä | NOUN | Number=Sing | 148 ′ | conj |
| 157 | Tähl | Tähl | PROPN | Number=Sing | 156 mä | appos |
| 158 | ē | ē | NOUN | Number=Sing | 159 quäh | compound |
| 159 | quäh | quäh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 160 ′ | compound |
| 160 | ′ | ′ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 161 T | compound |
| 161 | T | truthout | NOUN | Number=Sing Typo=Yes | 156 mä | appos |
| 162 | chä | chä | X | _ | 161 T | goeswith |
| 163 | ′ | ′ | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 165 be͞ech | nummod |
| 164 | kō | kō | NOUN | Number=Sing | 165 be͞ech | compound |
| 165 | be͞ech | be͞ech | X | _ | 161 T | goeswith |
| 166 | Tē | Tē | PROPN | Number=Sing | 171 kän | nsubj |
| 167 | ꞓŭm | ꞓŭm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 169 se̯h | compound |
| 168 | ′ | ′ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 169 se̯h | compound |
| 169 | se̯h | se̯h | NOUN | Number=Sing | 171 kän | compound |
| 170 | To͞on | To͞on | PROPN | Number=Sing | 171 kän | compound |
| 171 | kän | kän | NOUN | Number=Sing | 165 be͞ech | acl:relcl |
| 172 | ′ | ′ | ADP | _ | 174 tä | case |
| 173 | Ŭnk | Ŭnk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 174 tä | compound |
| 174 | tä | tä | NOUN | Number=Sing | 171 kän | nmod |
| 175 | ′ | ′ | PUNCT | _ | 178 bōse | punct |
| 176 | hē | hē | NOUN | Number=Sing | 178 bōse | compound |
| 177 | Wä | Wä | PROPN | Number=Sing | 178 bōse | compound |
| 178 | bōse | bōse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 171 kän | conj |
| 179 | ′ | ′ | ADP | _ | 180 Wäh | case |
| 180 | Wäh | Wäh | PROPN | Number=Sing | 178 bōse | nmod |
| 181 | bē | bē | X | Foreign=Yes | 186 păk | nsubj |
| 182 | gwän | gwän | X | Foreign=Yes | 181 bē | flat:foreign |
| 183 | ′ | ′ | X | Foreign=Yes | 181 bē | flat:foreign |
| 184 | ne͞e | ne͞e | X | _ | 186 păk | compound |
| 185 | Wä | Wä | PROPN | Number=Sing | 186 păk | compound |
| 186 | păk | păk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 178 bōse | parataxis |
| 187 | ′ | ′ | PUNCT | _ | 188 ō | punct |
| 188 | ō | ō | NOUN | Number=Sing | 186 păk | conj |
| 189 | Wĭn | Wĭn | PROPN | Number=Sing | 186 păk | appos |
| 190 | nĭ | nĭ | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 191 wĭs | nummod |
| 191 | wĭs | wĭ | NOUN | Number=Plur | 186 păk | conj |
| 192 | ′ | ′ | PUNCT | _ | 194 Yăn | punct |
| 193 | sĭ | sĭ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 194 Yăn | nmod:desc |
| 194 | Yăn | Yăn | PROPN | Number=Sing | 191 wĭs | nmod |
| 195 | ′ | ′ | PUNCT | _ | 196 nȧ | punct |
| 196 | nȧ | nȧ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 191 wĭs | conj |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | kŏ | present | Dĕl ′ a̯ wâre | ĭ pŏk not said here | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | hĕa | past | Ăz tĕꞓ and ĭ fôr and nĭ a̯ Cā nŏn ′ and i̯ ꞓŭs | Gĕn e̯ se͞e | ′ Ī | tree rules | |||
| 3 | bĭb | ′ | of nōk kȧ | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | che͞e | gä | Ō nsubj; Săm appos | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | e̯ | ō sĕt | ꞓa̯ Shĭn | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | bĭ | present | gē | Skĭ kĕl ′ and ꞓō ′ mä | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | lĭng | gerund | Skĭ kĕl ′ and ꞓō ′ mä not said here | Squän | tō Tä | tree rules | |||
| 8 | kän | Tē | ′ Ŭnk tä; hē Wä bōse ′ Wäh conj | tree rules | |||||
| 9 | păk | bē | ō conj; Wĭn appos; nĭ wĭs Yăn sĭ and nȧ conj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/86/3/