Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Key to Marks of Pronunciation, sentence 9
They were the friends of the French in the early colonial wars, and often the enemy of the Iroquois.
Who acts: Indians · What happens: be · To what, where: friends, early colonial wars
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Key to Marks of Pronunciation. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 friends | nsubj |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 friends | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 friends | det |
| 4 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 French | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 French | det |
| 7 | French | French | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 friends | nmod |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 wars | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 wars | det |
| 10 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 wars | amod |
| 11 | colonial | colonial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 wars | amod |
| 12 | wars | war | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 friends | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 enemy | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 enemy | cc |
| 15 | often | often | ADV | _ | 17 enemy | advmod |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 enemy | det |
| 17 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 friends | conj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 Iroquois | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Iroquois | det |
| 20 | Iroquois | Iroquois | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 enemy | nmod |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 friends | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | Indians = indian | the friends and the enemy of the Iroquois | the early colonial wars | of the French; the enemy of the Iroquois conj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/86/9/