Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 101
Here it may be recalled that the _hapus_ who lived where Christchurch City now stands were given a nickname by the outer tribes at Kaiapoi and elsewhere.
Who acts: hapus, Christchurch, outer tribes · What happens: recall, live, stand, give · To what, where: pigeon, hapus
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hapus, Christchurch, outer tribes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 recalled | advmod |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 recalled | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 recalled | aux |
| 4 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 5 recalled | aux:pass |
| 5 | recalled | recall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 19 given | mark |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 hapus | det |
| 8 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 9 hapus | punct |
| 9 | hapus | hapus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 given | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 12 lived | punct |
| 11 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 lived | nsubj |
| 12 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 hapus | acl:relcl |
| 13 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 17 stands | advmod |
| 14 | Christchurch | Christchurch | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 stands | nsubj |
| 15 | City | City | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Christchurch | flat |
| 16 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 17 stands | advmod |
| 17 | stands | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 lived | ccomp |
| 18 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 given | aux:pass |
| 19 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 recalled | advcl |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 nickname | det |
| 21 | nickname | nickname | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 given | obj |
| 22 | by | by | ADP | _ | 25 tribes | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 tribes | det |
| 24 | outer | outer | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 tribes | amod |
| 25 | tribes | tribe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 given | obl |
| 26 | at | at | ADP | _ | 27 Kaiapoi | case |
| 27 | Kaiapoi | Kaiapoi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 tribes | nmod |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 elsewhere | cc |
| 29 | elsewhere | elsewhere | ADV | _ | 27 Kaiapoi | conj |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 recalled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | recall | may · passive | pigeon | here | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | live | past | the hapus | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | stand | present | Christchurch | now | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | give | past · passive | the outer tribes at Kaiapoi | the hapus | a nickname obj | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient nickname=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/101/