Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 22
Nearer Lyttelton, just where the Zigzag Road goes over Evans Pass to Sumner, are the precipitous summit rocks of Tapuwaeharuru, “The Resounding Footsteps,” a place-name met with in more than one locality in the volcanic country of the North.
Who acts: Zigzag Road · What happens: go, be, meet · To what, where: Evans Pass, Nearer precipitous summit rocks, place name, volcanic country
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Zigzag Road), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nearer | near | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 20 rocks | amod |
| 2 | Lyttelton | Lyttelton | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Nearer | flat |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 goes | punct |
| 4 | just | just | ADV | _ | 9 goes | advmod |
| 5 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 9 goes | advmod |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Road | det |
| 7 | Zigzag | Zigzag | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Road | compound |
| 8 | Road | Road | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 goes | nsubj |
| 9 | goes | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Nearer | conj |
| 10 | over | over | ADP | _ | 12 Pass | case |
| 11 | Evans | Evans | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Pass | compound |
| 12 | Pass | Pass | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 goes | obl |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 Sumner | case |
| 14 | Sumner | Sumner | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Pass | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Nearer | punct |
| 16 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 rocks | cop |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 rocks | det |
| 18 | precipitous | precipitous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 rocks | amod |
| 19 | summit | summit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 rocks | compound |
| 20 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 Tapuwaeharuru | case |
| 22 | Tapuwaeharuru | Tapuwaeharuru | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 rocks | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 Footsteps | punct |
| 24 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 Footsteps | punct |
| 25 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 Footsteps | det |
| 26 | Resounding | resounding | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 Footsteps | amod |
| 27 | Footsteps | footstep | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 rocks | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 name | punct |
| 29 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 name | punct |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 name | det |
| 31 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 name | compound |
| 32 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 31 place | punct |
| 33 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 rocks | conj |
| 34 | met | meet | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 name | acl |
| 35 | with | with | ADP | _ | 40 locality | case |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 locality | case |
| 37 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV | 39 one | advmod |
| 38 | than | than | ADP | _ | 37 more | fixed |
| 39 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 40 locality | nummod |
| 40 | locality | locality | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 met | obl |
| 41 | in | in | ADP | _ | 44 country | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 country | det |
| 43 | volcanic | volcanic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 country | amod |
| 44 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 met | obl |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 47 North | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 North | det |
| 47 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 country | nmod |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 20 rocks | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | present | the Zigzag Road | Evans Pass to Sumner | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme over pass=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | the Nearer precipitous summit rocks and the Resounding Footsteps and a place name | of Tapuwaeharuru; the Resounding Footsteps conj; a place name conj | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | meet | participle | a place name not said here | the volcanic country of the North | with one locality | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with locality=Co-Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/22/