Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 43
The survivors fled over the hills to Manuka, a large _pa_ which it is believed stood on a knoll at the foot of the range not far from Tai Tapu.
Who acts: survivors · What happens: flee, believe, stand · To what, where: Manuka, hills, large _ pa, knoll
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (survivors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 survivors | det |
| 2 | survivors | survivor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 fled | nsubj |
| 3 | fled | flee | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | over | over | ADP | _ | 6 hills | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 hills | det |
| 6 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 fled | obl |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 Manuka | case |
| 8 | Manuka | Manuka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 fled | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 pa | punct |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 pa | det |
| 11 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 pa | amod |
| 12 | _ | _ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 pa | compound |
| 13 | pa | pa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 Manuka | appos |
| 14 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 13 pa | punct |
| 15 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 believed | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 believed | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 believed | aux:pass |
| 18 | believed | believe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 pa | acl:relcl |
| 19 | stood | stand | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 believed | xcomp |
| 20 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 knoll | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 knoll | det |
| 22 | knoll | knoll | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 stood | obl |
| 23 | at | at | ADP | _ | 25 foot | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 foot | det |
| 25 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 stood | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 range | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 range | det |
| 28 | range | range | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 foot | nmod |
| 29 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 30 far | advmod |
| 30 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 32 Tai | advmod |
| 31 | from | from | ADP | _ | 32 Tai | case |
| 32 | Tai | Tai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 range | nmod |
| 33 | Tapu | Tapu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 Tai | flat |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 fled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | flee | past | the survivors | Manuka | the hills | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme over hill=Initial_Location to manuka=Destination | |||
| 2 | believe | present · passive | a large _ pa | pa nsubj:pass | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | stand | participle | a knoll | at the foot of the range from Tai | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on knoll=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/43/