Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 46
In the vicinity, it is said by the Maoris, there was a shallow cave under the rocky hillside which was used by some of the Ngati-Mamoe as a dwelling-place; it is known in tradition as Te Pohatu-whakairo, or “The Carved Rock.”
Who acts: some · What happens: say, use, know, carve · To what, where: vicinity, rocky hillside, cave, tradition · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 vicinity | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 vicinity | det |
| 3 | vicinity | vicinity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 said | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 vicinity | punct |
| 5 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 said | nsubj |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 said | aux:pass |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 Maoris | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Maoris | det |
| 10 | Maoris | Maoris | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 said | ccomp |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 Maoris | punct |
| 12 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 13 was | expl |
| 13 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 Maoris | advcl:relcl |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 cave | det |
| 15 | shallow | shallow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 cave | amod |
| 16 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 was | nsubj |
| 17 | under | under | ADP | _ | 20 hillside | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 hillside | det |
| 19 | rocky | rocky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 hillside | amod |
| 20 | hillside | hillside | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 cave | nmod |
| 21 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 used | nsubj:pass |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 used | aux:pass |
| 23 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 hillside | acl:relcl |
| 24 | by | by | ADP | _ | 25 some | case |
| 25 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 23 used | obl:agent |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 Mamoe | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 Mamoe | det |
| 28 | Ngati | Ngati | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Mamoe | compound |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 28 Ngati | punct |
| 30 | Mamoe | Mamoe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 some | nmod |
| 31 | as | as | ADP | _ | 35 place | case |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 place | det |
| 33 | dwelling | dwelling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 place | compound |
| 34 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 33 dwelling | punct |
| 35 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 used | obl |
| 36 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 39 known | punct |
| 37 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 known | nsubj:pass |
| 38 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 known | aux:pass |
| 39 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 said | conj |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 tradition | case |
| 41 | tradition | tradition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 known | obl |
| 42 | as | as | ADP | _ | 46 whakairo | case |
| 43 | Te | Te | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 whakairo | compound |
| 44 | Pohatu | Pohatu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 Te | flat |
| 45 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 43 Te | punct |
| 46 | whakairo | whakairo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 known | obl |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 Rock | punct |
| 48 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 52 Rock | cc |
| 49 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 52 Rock | punct |
| 50 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 Rock | det |
| 51 | Carved | carve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 52 Rock | amod |
| 52 | Rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 known | obl |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
| 54 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present · passive | vicinity | the vicinity | the Maoris ccomp | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: subject=Theme in vicinity=Manner | |||
| 2 | use | past · passive | some of the Ngati Mamoe | the rocky hillside | as a dwelling place | vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent subject=Duration as place=Attribute | |||
| 3 | know | present · passive | cave | tradition | as Te whakairo; the Carved Rock obl | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus as whakairo=Attribute | |||
| 4 | carve in a quote | participle | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/46/