Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 47
No doubt it was so called from the natural markings sometimes seen on the faces of these overhanging rock shelters, such as were used as dwelling and camping-places in many parts of the South Island by the ancient people.
Who acts: ancient people · What happens: call, see, overhang, use · To what, where: doubt, natural markings, faces · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ancient people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 2 doubt | det |
| 2 | doubt | doubt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 called | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 called | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 called | aux:pass |
| 5 | so | so | ADV | _ | 6 called | advmod |
| 6 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 markings | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 markings | det |
| 9 | natural | natural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 markings | amod |
| 10 | markings | marking | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 called | obl |
| 11 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 12 seen | advmod |
| 12 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 markings | acl |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 faces | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 faces | det |
| 15 | faces | face | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 seen | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 shelters | case |
| 17 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 20 shelters | nsubj |
| 18 | overhanging | overhang | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 shelters | amod |
| 19 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 shelters | compound |
| 20 | shelters | shelter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 faces | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 used | punct |
| 22 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=SCONJ | 25 used | mark |
| 23 | as | as | ADP | _ | 22 such | fixed |
| 24 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 used | aux:pass |
| 25 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 shelters | conj |
| 26 | as | as | ADP | _ | 27 dwelling | case |
| 27 | dwelling | dwelling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 used | obl |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 places | cc |
| 29 | camping | camping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 places | compound |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 camping | punct |
| 31 | places | place | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 dwelling | conj |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 parts | case |
| 33 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 parts | amod |
| 34 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 places | nmod |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 Island | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 Island | det |
| 37 | South | South | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 Island | compound |
| 38 | Island | Island | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 parts | nmod |
| 39 | by | by | ADP | _ | 42 people | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 people | det |
| 41 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 people | amod |
| 42 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 used | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | past · passive | no doubt | the natural markings | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from marking=Source | ||||
| 2 | see | participle | the natural markings not said here | the faces of overhanging rock shelters these | sometimes property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 3 | overhang | gerund | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | use | past · passive | the ancient people | as dwelling and camping places in many parts of the South Island | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/47/