Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 7
He was the spirit guardian most frequently invoked by the _tohungas_, and he was appealed to for auguries and omens in time of war.
Who acts: Kahukura · What happens: be, invoke, appeal · To what, where: spirit guardian, Kahukura
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kahukura), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 guardian | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 guardian | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 guardian | det |
| 4 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 guardian | compound |
| 5 | guardian | guardian | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 7 frequently | advmod |
| 7 | frequently | frequently | ADV | _ | 8 invoked | advmod |
| 8 | invoked | invoke | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 guardian | acl |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 tohungas | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 tohungas | det |
| 11 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 12 tohungas | punct |
| 12 | tohungas | tohunga | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 invoked | obl |
| 13 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 8 invoked | punct |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 appealed | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 appealed | cc |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 appealed | nsubj |
| 17 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 appealed | aux:pass |
| 18 | appealed | appeal | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 guardian | conj |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 appealed | xcomp |
| 20 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 auguries | case |
| 21 | auguries | augury | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 appealed | obl |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 omens | cc |
| 23 | omens | omen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 auguries | conj |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 time | case |
| 25 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 appealed | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 war | case |
| 27 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 time | nmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 guardian | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | Kahukura | the spirit guardian | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | invoke | participle | the spirit guardian not said here | by the tohungas; frequently property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | appeal | past · passive | Kahukura | time | for auguries and omens | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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