Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 8
Each _hapu_ had its image of Kahukura, a small carved wooden figure, which was kept in some _tapu_ place remote from the dwellings, often a secluded flax clump, or on a high, stilt-legged platform or _whata_.
Who acts: hapu · What happens: have, carve, keep, image · To what, where: image, small carved wooden figure, dwellings, Kahukura
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hapu), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 hapu | det |
| 2 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 3 hapu | punct |
| 3 | hapu | hapu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 had | nsubj |
| 4 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 5 had | punct |
| 5 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 image | nmod:poss |
| 7 | image | image | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 had | obj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 Kahukura | case |
| 9 | Kahukura | Kahukura | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 image | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 figure | punct |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 figure | det |
| 12 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 figure | amod |
| 13 | carved | carve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 figure | amod |
| 14 | wooden | wooden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 figure | amod |
| 15 | figure | figure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 image | appos |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 kept | punct |
| 17 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 kept | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 kept | aux:pass |
| 19 | kept | keep | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 figure | acl:relcl |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 some | case |
| 21 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 23 tapu | obl |
| 22 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 21 some | punct |
| 23 | tapu | tapu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 kept | xcomp |
| 24 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 26 remote | punct |
| 25 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 remote | compound |
| 26 | remote | remote | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 kept | obl |
| 27 | from | from | ADP | _ | 29 dwellings | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 dwellings | det |
| 29 | dwellings | dwelling | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 kept | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 clump | punct |
| 31 | often | often | ADV | _ | 35 clump | advmod |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 clump | det |
| 33 | secluded | secluded | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 clump | amod |
| 34 | flax | flax | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 clump | compound |
| 35 | clump | clump | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 dwellings | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 platform | punct |
| 37 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 45 platform | cc |
| 38 | on | on | ADP | _ | 45 platform | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 platform | det |
| 40 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 platform | amod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 high | punct |
| 42 | stilt | stilt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 legged | compound |
| 43 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 42 stilt | punct |
| 44 | legged | legged | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 platform | amod |
| 45 | platform | platform | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 clump | conj |
| 46 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 48 whata | cc |
| 47 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 48 whata | punct |
| 48 | whata | whata | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 platform | conj |
| 49 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 19 kept | punct |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | each hapu | hapu's image of Kahukura | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent image=Patient | ||||
| 2 | carve | participle | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | keep | past · passive | a small carved wooden figure | the dwellings a secluded flax clump or a high legged platform or whata | place remote obl; tapu xcomp | vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Beneficiary from dwelling=Eventuality | |||
| 4 | image | hapu | Kahukura | nom image «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/8/