Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 98
The Heathcote River, whose native name has been abbreviated to Opawa, was originally the Opaawaho, which means “The outer, or seaward, _pa_,” otherwise “An outpost.”
Who acts: Heathcote River, Opaawaho · What happens: abbreviate, be, mean · To what, where: native name, Opawa, Opaawaho
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Heathcote River, Opaawaho), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 River | det |
| 2 | Heathcote | Heathcote | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 River | compound |
| 3 | River | River | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 Opaawaho | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 abbreviated | punct |
| 5 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 7 name | nmod:poss |
| 6 | native | native | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 name | amod |
| 7 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 abbreviated | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 abbreviated | aux |
| 9 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 abbreviated | aux:pass |
| 10 | abbreviated | abbreviate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 River | acl:relcl |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 Opawa | case |
| 12 | Opawa | Opawa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 abbreviated | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 River | punct |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 Opaawaho | cop |
| 15 | originally | originally | ADV | _ | 17 Opaawaho | advmod |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 Opaawaho | det |
| 17 | Opaawaho | Opaawaho | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 means | punct |
| 19 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 means | nsubj |
| 20 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 Opaawaho | parataxis |
| 21 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 outer | punct |
| 22 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 outer | det |
| 23 | outer | outer | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 means | ccomp |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 seaward | punct |
| 25 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 26 seaward | cc |
| 26 | seaward | seaward | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 outer | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 pa | punct |
| 28 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 29 pa | punct |
| 29 | pa | pa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 Opaawaho | obl |
| 30 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 36 outpost | punct |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 _ | punct |
| 32 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 _ | punct |
| 33 | otherwise | otherwise | ADV | _ | 36 outpost | advmod |
| 34 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 36 outpost | punct |
| 35 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 outpost | det |
| 36 | outpost | outpost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 Opaawaho | appos |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 36 outpost | punct |
| 38 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 36 outpost | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | abbreviate | present · perfect · passive | native name | Opawa | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | is a | past | the Heathcote River | the Opaawaho | pa obl; a outpost appos; originally property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | mean | present | the Opaawaho | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/98/