Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 99
A tribe-section or _hapu_ of the Ngai-Tahu, about two hundred years ago, built a village on the left bank of the river, on a spot slightly elevated above the surrounding swampy country; the exact spot must have been close to the present Opawa Railway Station.
Who acts: tribe section · What happens: build, elevate, have, be · To what, where: village, left bank, spot, surrounding
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tribe section), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 section | det |
| 2 | tribe | tribe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 section | compound |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 tribe | punct |
| 4 | section | section | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 built | nsubj |
| 5 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 7 hapu | cc |
| 6 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 7 hapu | punct |
| 7 | hapu | hapu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 section | conj |
| 8 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 21 built | punct |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 Tahu | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 Tahu | det |
| 11 | Ngai | Ngai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 Tahu | compound |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 Tahu | punct |
| 13 | Tahu | Tahu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 built | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 years | punct |
| 15 | about | about | ADV | _ | 17 hundred | advmod |
| 16 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 17 hundred | compound |
| 17 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 years | nummod |
| 18 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 Tahu | parataxis |
| 19 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 18 years | advmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 Tahu | punct |
| 21 | built | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 village | det |
| 23 | village | village | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 built | obj |
| 24 | on | on | ADP | _ | 27 bank | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 bank | det |
| 26 | left | left | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 bank | amod |
| 27 | bank | bank | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 built | obl |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 river | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 river | det |
| 30 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 bank | nmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 spot | punct |
| 32 | on | on | ADP | _ | 34 spot | case |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 spot | det |
| 34 | spot | spot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 built | obl |
| 35 | slightly | slightly | ADV | _ | 36 elevated | advmod |
| 36 | elevated | elevate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 34 spot | acl |
| 37 | above | above | ADP | _ | 39 surrounding | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 surrounding | det |
| 39 | surrounding | surrounding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 elevated | obl |
| 40 | swampy | swampy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 country | amod |
| 41 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 surrounding | conj |
| 42 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 46 must | punct |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 spot | det |
| 44 | exact | exact | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 spot | amod |
| 45 | spot | spot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 must | nsubj |
| 46 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 built | parataxis |
| 47 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 46 must | xcomp |
| 48 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 49 close | cop |
| 49 | close | close | ADV | Degree=Pos | 47 have | xcomp |
| 50 | to | to | ADP | _ | 52 present | case |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 present | det |
| 52 | present | present | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 close | obl |
| 53 | Opawa | Opawa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 55 Station | compound |
| 54 | Railway | Railway | PROPN | Number=Sing | 55 Station | compound |
| 55 | Station | Station | PROPN | Number=Sing | 52 present | appos |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 21 built | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | build | past | a tribe section or hapu | a village | the left bank of the river | of the Ngai Tahu hundred years; on a spot | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent village=Theme on bank=Source | ||
| 2 | elevate | participle | a spot not said here | the surrounding and swampy country | slightly property | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent above surrounding=Destination | |||
| 3 | have | infinitive | a tribe section or hapu not said here | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is | participle | a tribe section or hapu not said here | to the present; close property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/99/