Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, sentence 2
Really to appreciate the special and peculiar beauty of the hills, with their nippled peaks and crags and their age-weathered cliffs, one must travel along the Lyttelton-Governor’s Bay road rather than view the range from the Plains, where the smoothed and settled ridges, like a series of long whalebacks, give little hint of the sudden rocky wildness of the precipitous dip to the harbour slopes.
Who acts: one, smoothed ridges, sudden rocky wildness · What happens: appreciate, nipple, weather, travel, view, smooth · To what, where: special beauty, Bay road, range, Plains, little hint, harbour slopes
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, smoothed ridges, sudden rocky wildness), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Really | really | ADV | _ | 3 appreciate | advmod |
| 2 | to | to | PART | _ | 3 appreciate | mark |
| 3 | appreciate | appreciate | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 beauty | det |
| 5 | special | special | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 beauty | amod |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 peculiar | cc |
| 7 | peculiar | peculiar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 special | conj |
| 8 | beauty | beauty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 appreciate | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 hills | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 hills | det |
| 11 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 beauty | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 peaks | punct |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 peaks | case |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 peaks | nmod:poss |
| 15 | nippled | nipple | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 peaks | amod |
| 16 | peaks | peak | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 appreciate | parataxis |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 crags | cc |
| 18 | crags | crag | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 peaks | conj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 cliffs | cc |
| 20 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 cliffs | nmod:poss |
| 21 | age | age | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 weathered | compound |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 age | punct |
| 23 | weathered | weather | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 cliffs | amod |
| 24 | cliffs | cliff | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 peaks | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 travel | punct |
| 26 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 28 travel | nsubj |
| 27 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 travel | aux |
| 28 | travel | travel | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 peaks | parataxis |
| 29 | along | along | ADP | _ | 36 road | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 Governor | det |
| 31 | Lyttelton | Lyttelton | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 Governor | compound |
| 32 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 31 Lyttelton | punct |
| 33 | Governor | Governor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 road | nmod:poss |
| 34 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 33 Governor | case |
| 35 | Bay | Bay | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 road | compound |
| 36 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 travel | obl |
| 37 | rather | rather | ADV | ExtPos=CCONJ | 39 view | cc |
| 38 | than | than | ADP | _ | 37 rather | fixed |
| 39 | view | view | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 travel | conj |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 range | det |
| 41 | range | range | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 view | obj |
| 42 | from | from | ADP | _ | 44 Plains | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 Plains | det |
| 44 | Plains | Plain | PROPN | Number=Plur | 41 range | nmod |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 ridges | punct |
| 46 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 51 ridges | advmod |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 ridges | det |
| 48 | smoothed | smooth | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 51 ridges | amod |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 settled | cc |
| 50 | settled | settle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 48 smoothed | conj |
| 51 | ridges | ridge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 range | list |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 series | punct |
| 53 | like | like | ADP | _ | 55 series | case |
| 54 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 55 series | det |
| 55 | series | series | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 ridges | conj |
| 56 | of | of | ADP | _ | 58 whalebacks | case |
| 57 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 whalebacks | amod |
| 58 | whalebacks | whaleback | NOUN | Number=Plur | 55 series | nmod |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 60 give | punct |
| 60 | give | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 51 ridges | acl:relcl |
| 61 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 hint | amod |
| 62 | hint | hint | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 give | obj |
| 63 | of | of | ADP | _ | 67 wildness | case |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 67 wildness | det |
| 65 | sudden | sudden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 67 wildness | amod |
| 66 | rocky | rocky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 67 wildness | amod |
| 67 | wildness | wildness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 hint | nmod |
| 68 | of | of | ADP | _ | 71 dip | case |
| 69 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 71 dip | det |
| 70 | precipitous | precipitous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 71 dip | amod |
| 71 | dip | dip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 67 wildness | nmod |
| 72 | to | to | ADP | _ | 75 slopes | case |
| 73 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 75 slopes | det |
| 74 | harbour | harbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 75 slopes | compound |
| 75 | slopes | slope | NOUN | Number=Plur | 60 give | obl |
| 76 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 appreciate | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | appreciate | to-infinitive | the special beauty of the hills | Hills's nippled peaks and crags and Hills's weathered cliffs parataxis | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer beauty=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | nipple | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | weather | participle | age | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | travel | must | one | the Lyttelton Governor's Bay road | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along road=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | view | infinitive | one not said here | the range the smoothed ridges and a series of long whalebacks | the Plains | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer range=Stimulus | |||
| 6 | smooth | participle | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 7 | settle | participle | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 8 | give | present | the smoothed ridges and a series of long whalebacks not said here | little hint of the sudden rocky wildness of the precipitous dip | the harbour slopes | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent hint=Theme to slope=Recipient | |||
| 9 | hint | the sudden rocky wildness of the precipitous dip | nom hint «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/11/2/