Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, sentence 21
The tradition is that nearly two centuries ago, when the Ngai-Tahu from the North conquered this part of the country from the Ngati-Mamoe, a chief named Waitai ascended this height from Ohinetahi (now Governor’s Bay), taking with him Manuwhiri and other of the children of the chief Te Rangi-whakaputa who had taken possession of the harbour shores, in order to point out to them the good things of the great Plains.
Who acts: tradition, Ngai Tahu, chief, whakaputa, Te · What happens: be, conquer, name, ascend, take, shore · To what, where: part, chief, height, Ngati Mamoe, Manuwhiri, possession
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tradition, Ngai Tahu, chief, whakaputa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 tradition | det |
| 2 | tradition | tradition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 ago | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 ago | cop |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 ago | mark |
| 5 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 6 two | advmod |
| 6 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 centuries | nummod |
| 7 | centuries | century | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 8 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 conquered | punct |
| 10 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 18 conquered | advmod |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Tahu | det |
| 12 | Ngai | Ngai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Tahu | compound |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 Ngai | punct |
| 14 | Tahu | Tahu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 conquered | nsubj |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 17 North | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 North | det |
| 17 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Tahu | nmod |
| 18 | conquered | conquer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 ago | parataxis |
| 19 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 20 part | det |
| 20 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 conquered | obj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 country | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 country | det |
| 23 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 part | nmod |
| 24 | from | from | ADP | _ | 28 Mamoe | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 Mamoe | det |
| 26 | Ngati | Ngati | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Mamoe | compound |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 Ngati | punct |
| 28 | Mamoe | Mamoe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 ascended | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 chief | punct |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 chief | det |
| 31 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 ascended | nsubj |
| 32 | named | name | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 chief | acl |
| 33 | Waitai | Waitai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 named | xcomp |
| 34 | ascended | ascend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 conquered | conj |
| 35 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 36 height | det |
| 36 | height | height | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 ascended | obj |
| 37 | from | from | ADP | _ | 38 Ohinetahi | case |
| 38 | Ohinetahi | Ohinetahi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 ascended | obl |
| 39 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 43 Bay | punct |
| 40 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 43 Bay | advmod |
| 41 | Governor | Governor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 Bay | nmod:poss |
| 42 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 41 Governor | case |
| 43 | Bay | Bay | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 Ohinetahi | appos |
| 44 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 43 Bay | punct |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 taking | punct |
| 46 | taking | take | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 34 ascended | advcl |
| 47 | with | with | ADP | _ | 48 him | case |
| 48 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 taking | obl |
| 49 | Manuwhiri | Manuwhiri | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 taking | obj |
| 50 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 other | cc |
| 51 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 taking | conj |
| 52 | of | of | ADP | _ | 54 children | case |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 children | det |
| 54 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 other | obl |
| 55 | of | of | ADP | _ | 57 chief | case |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 chief | det |
| 57 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 children | nmod |
| 58 | Te | Te | PROPN | Number=Sing | 69 shores | nsubj |
| 59 | Rangi | Rangi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 58 Te | flat |
| 60 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 61 whakaputa | punct |
| 61 | whakaputa | whakaputa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 69 shores | nsubj |
| 62 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 64 taken | nsubj |
| 63 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 64 taken | aux |
| 64 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 61 whakaputa | acl:relcl |
| 65 | possession | possession | NOUN | Number=Sing | 64 taken | obj |
| 66 | of | of | ADP | _ | 68 harbour | case |
| 67 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 68 harbour | det |
| 68 | harbour | harbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 possession | nmod |
| 69 | shores | shore | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 57 chief | acl:relcl |
| 70 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 74 point | punct |
| 71 | in | in | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 74 point | mark |
| 72 | order | order | NOUN | Number=Sing | 71 in | fixed |
| 73 | to | to | PART | _ | 74 point | mark |
| 74 | point | point | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 69 shores | conj |
| 75 | out | out | ADP | _ | 74 point | compound:prt |
| 76 | to | to | ADP | _ | 77 them | case |
| 77 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 74 point | obl |
| 78 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 80 things | det |
| 79 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 80 things | amod |
| 80 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 74 point | obj |
| 81 | of | of | ADP | _ | 84 Plains | case |
| 82 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 84 Plains | det |
| 83 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 84 Plains | amod |
| 84 | Plains | Plain | PROPN | Number=Plur | 80 things | nmod |
| 85 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 ago | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the tradition | century | ago property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | conquer | past | the Ngai Tahu from the North | this part of the country | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Patient | ||||
| 3 | name | participle | a chief not said here | Waitai xcomp | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | ascend | past | a chief | this height | the Ngati Mamoe | from Ohinetahi | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme height=Trajectory | ||
| 5 | take | gerund | a chief not said here | Manuwhiri | with chief | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument manuwhiri=Destination | |||
| 6 | take | past · perfect | whakaputa | possession of the harbour | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent possession=Theme | ||||
| 7 | shore | present | Te | the chief not said here | whakaputa nsubj | tree rules | |||
| 8 | point out | to-infinitive | Te not said here | the good things of the great Plains | children = child | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent thing=Theme to they=Recipient | |||
| 9 | possess | the harbour | nom possession «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/11/21/