Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, sentence 20
The original name of the ridge leading southward from Dyer’s Pass, and including Marley’s Hill, says Hone Taare Tikao of Rapaki, is Otu-Tohu-Kai, which being translated is “The Place Where the Food Was Pointed Out.”
Who acts: ridge, original name, Taare · What happens: lead, include, say, be, translate, point out · To what, where: Pass, Otu, Taare, Place, Food, ridge · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ridge, original name, Taare), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 name | det |
| 2 | original | original | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 name | amod |
| 3 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 says | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 ridge | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 ridge | det |
| 6 | ridge | ridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 name | nmod |
| 7 | leading | lead | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 ridge | acl |
| 8 | southward | southward | ADV | _ | 7 leading | advmod |
| 9 | from | from | ADP | _ | 12 Pass | case |
| 10 | Dyer | Dyer | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Pass | nmod:poss |
| 11 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 10 Dyer | case |
| 12 | Pass | Pass | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 leading | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 says | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 says | cc |
| 15 | including | include | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 Marley | case |
| 16 | Marley | Marley | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 says | obl |
| 17 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 16 Marley | case |
| 18 | Hill | Hill | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Marley | flat |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 Marley | punct |
| 20 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 21 | Hone | hone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 Taare | nmod:desc |
| 22 | Taare | Taare | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 Place | nsubj |
| 23 | Tikao | Tikao | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 Taare | flat |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 Rapaki | case |
| 25 | Rapaki | Rapaki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Tikao | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 Otu | punct |
| 27 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 Otu | cop |
| 28 | Otu | Otu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 Taare | conj |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 30 Tohu | punct |
| 30 | Tohu | Tohu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Otu | conj |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 Kai | punct |
| 32 | Kai | Kai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Otu | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 translated | punct |
| 34 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 translated | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 36 translated | aux:pass |
| 36 | translated | translate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 Taare | acl:relcl |
| 37 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 Place | cop |
| 38 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 40 Place | punct |
| 39 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 Place | det |
| 40 | Place | Place | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 says | ccomp |
| 41 | Where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 45 Pointed | advmod |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 Food | det |
| 43 | Food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 Pointed | nsubj:pass |
| 44 | Was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 45 Pointed | aux:pass |
| 45 | Pointed | point | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 40 Place | acl:relcl |
| 46 | Out | out | ADP | _ | 45 Pointed | compound:prt |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 40 Place | punct |
| 48 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 says | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lead | gerund | the ridge not said here | Dyer's Pass | southward property | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent from pass=Destination | |||
| 2 | include | gerund | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | present | the original name of the ridge | include Marley | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | is a | present | Taare Hone and Otu and Tohu and Kai not said here | Otu and Tohu and Kai | Tohu conj; Kai conj | tree rules | |||
| 5 | translate | gerund · passive | Taare Hone and Otu and Tohu and Kai | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 6 | is a in a quote | present | Taare Hone and Otu and Tohu and Kai | the Place | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | point out in a quote | past · passive | the Food | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 8 | name | the ridge | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/11/20/