Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, sentence 38
Two of them went mad with the poisonous stings, which swelled their sides and legs, and a pack-horse actually drowned itself by bolting into a creek and lying down in the water in its desperate need of ease from the pain.
Who acts: Two, poisonous stings, pack horse, creek · What happens: go, swell, drown, bolt, lie down, need · To what, where: sides, side, creek, water, ease
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Two, poisonous stings, pack horse, creek), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 went | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 3 them | case |
| 3 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 1 Two | nmod |
| 4 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | mad | mad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 went | xcomp |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 stings | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 stings | det |
| 8 | poisonous | poisonous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 stings | amod |
| 9 | stings | sting | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 mad | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 swelled | punct |
| 11 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 swelled | nsubj |
| 12 | swelled | swell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 stings | acl:relcl |
| 13 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 sides | nmod:poss |
| 14 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 swelled | obj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 legs | cc |
| 16 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 sides | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 drowned | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 drowned | cc |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 horse | det |
| 20 | pack | pack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 horse | compound |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 pack | punct |
| 22 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 drowned | nsubj |
| 23 | actually | actually | ADV | _ | 24 drowned | advmod |
| 24 | drowned | drown | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 went | conj |
| 25 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 24 drowned | obj |
| 26 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 27 bolting | mark |
| 27 | bolting | bolt | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 24 drowned | advcl |
| 28 | into | into | ADP | _ | 30 creek | case |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 creek | det |
| 30 | creek | creek | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 bolting | obl |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 lying | cc |
| 32 | lying | lie | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 bolting | conj |
| 33 | down | down | ADV | _ | 32 lying | advmod |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 water | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 water | det |
| 36 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 lying | obl |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 need | case |
| 38 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 need | nmod:poss |
| 39 | desperate | desperate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 need | amod |
| 40 | need | need | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 lying | obl |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 ease | case |
| 42 | ease | ease | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 need | nmod |
| 43 | from | from | ADP | _ | 45 pain | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 pain | det |
| 45 | pain | pain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 ease | nmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | Two of horses | mad property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | swell | past | the poisonous stings | horses's sides and legs | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient side=Extent | ||||
| 3 | drown | past | a pack horse | side | actually property | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent itself=Patient | |||
| 4 | bolt | gerund | a pack horse not said here | a creek | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into creek=Initial_Location | ||||
| 5 | lie down | gerund | a pack horse not said here | the water | in creek's desperate need of ease from the pain; down property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in water=Location | |||
| 6 | need | creek | ease from the pain | nom need «state transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/11/38/