Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, sentence 53
On this side of the Heru-o-Kahukura the range is deeply bitten into by a cup-shaped valley, with one side of the cup, that facing the harbour, cut away for the passage of the old lava streams and now the rainy season watercourses.
Who acts: that, old lava streams · What happens: bite, shape, face, cut away, pass · To what, where: range, side, harbour
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (that, old lava streams), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 3 side | case |
| 2 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 side | det |
| 3 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 bitten | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 Heru | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Heru | det |
| 6 | Heru | Heru | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 side | nmod |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 10 Kahukura | punct |
| 8 | o | of | ADP | Abbr=Yes | 10 Kahukura | case |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 o | punct |
| 10 | Kahukura | Kahukura | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Heru | conj |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 range | det |
| 12 | range | range | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 bitten | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 bitten | aux:pass |
| 14 | deeply | deeply | ADV | _ | 15 bitten | advmod |
| 15 | bitten | bite | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 16 | into | into | ADP | _ | 22 valley | case |
| 17 | by | by | ADP | _ | 22 valley | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 valley | det |
| 19 | cup | cup | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 shaped | compound |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 19 cup | punct |
| 21 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 valley | amod |
| 22 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 bitten | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 side | punct |
| 24 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 side | case |
| 25 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 26 side | nummod |
| 26 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 valley | conj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 cup | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 cup | det |
| 29 | cup | cup | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 side | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 facing | punct |
| 31 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 32 facing | nsubj |
| 32 | facing | face | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 bitten | advcl |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 harbour | det |
| 34 | harbour | harbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 facing | obj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 cut | punct |
| 36 | cut | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 facing | advcl |
| 37 | away | away | ADV | _ | 36 cut | advmod |
| 38 | for | for | ADP | _ | 40 passage | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 passage | det |
| 40 | passage | passage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 cut | obl |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 streams | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 streams | det |
| 43 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 streams | amod |
| 44 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 streams | compound |
| 45 | streams | stream | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 passage | nmod |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 watercourses | cc |
| 47 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 51 watercourses | advmod |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 watercourses | det |
| 49 | rainy | rainy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 watercourses | amod |
| 50 | season | season | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 watercourses | compound |
| 51 | watercourses | watercourse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 streams | conj |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 bitten | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bite | present · passive | the range | this side of the Heru and Kahukura | into a shaped valley and one side of the cup result; deeply property | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient into valley=Result | |||
| 2 | shape | participle | cup compound | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | |||||
| 3 | face | gerund | that | the harbour | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme harbour=Destination | ||||
| 4 | cut away | infinitive | that not said here | for the passage of the old lava streams and the rainy season watercourses; away property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent for passage=Asset | ||||
| 5 | pass | the old lava streams and the rainy season watercourses | nom passage «act intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/11/53/