Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, sentence 66
It is but a little bit of a wood, this bush in the gully, but its aloofness and solitariness are made complete by the close-growing habit of the small timber and the great tossed-about rocks that help to seclude it.
Who acts: intruder, growing habit, great tossed rocks · What happens: be, make, grow, toss, help, seclude · To what, where: little bit, aloofness, intruder
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (intruder, growing habit, great tossed rocks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 bit | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 bit | cop |
| 3 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 6 bit | cc |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 bit | det |
| 5 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 bit | amod |
| 6 | bit | bit | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 wood | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 wood | det |
| 9 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 bit | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 bush | punct |
| 11 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 12 bush | det |
| 12 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 wood | conj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 gully | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 gully | det |
| 15 | gully | gully | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 bush | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 made | punct |
| 17 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 23 made | cc |
| 18 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 aloofness | nmod:poss |
| 19 | aloofness | aloofness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 made | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 solitariness | cc |
| 21 | solitariness | solitariness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 aloofness | conj |
| 22 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 made | aux:pass |
| 23 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 bit | acl |
| 24 | complete | complete | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 made | xcomp |
| 25 | by | by | ADP | _ | 30 habit | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 habit | det |
| 27 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 growing | amod |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 27 close | punct |
| 29 | growing | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 30 habit | amod |
| 30 | habit | habit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 made | obl |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 timber | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 timber | det |
| 33 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 timber | amod |
| 34 | timber | timber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 habit | nmod |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 rocks | cc |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 rocks | det |
| 37 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 rocks | amod |
| 38 | tossed | toss | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 41 rocks | amod |
| 39 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 38 tossed | punct |
| 40 | about | about | ADP | _ | 41 rocks | case |
| 41 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 habit | conj |
| 42 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 43 help | nsubj |
| 43 | help | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 rocks | acl:relcl |
| 44 | to | to | PART | _ | 45 seclude | mark |
| 45 | seclude | seclude | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 43 help | xcomp |
| 46 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 seclude | obj |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 bit | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | intruder | a little bit | of a wood and this bush in the gully | tree rules | |||
| 2 | make | present · passive | the growing habit of the small timber and the great tossed rocks | intruder's aloofness and solitariness | complete property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product | |||
| 3 | grow | gerund | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | toss | participle | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | help | present | the great tossed rocks | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 6 | seclude | to-infinitive | the great tossed rocks not said here | intruder | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/11/66/